Health Literate

Health Literate

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: What "Toxic" Means for Comfrey and Borage

a plant compound your own liver turns dangerous. here's what that means, why route matters, and how worried you should actually be

Agy | Health Literate's avatar
Agy | Health Literate
Jun 07, 2026
∙ Paid

Somewhere early in your herbal education, usually around the time you’re learning about topicals and comfrey, you get handed a huge, glaring red STOP SIGN about ever taking the plant internally, along with some vague hand-waving about pyrrolizidine alkaloids. (How are you even supposed to pronounce that? Don’t ask me.)

We’re told it’s super toxic to the liver, just don’t consume it internally. Okay. Got it. External use only. You learn the same lesson and memorize the same buzzwords for coltsfoot and for borage, not reallllyyyy fully understanding why, but you’re not going to be the one to give someone a toxic spoonful, so you obediently oblige. As you should.

But this piece is for those of you who took the caution to heart and then also asked, bad how? To what? Why only internal ingestion? Those are the questions that separate someone who can repeat a warning from someone who actually understands the plant in front of them, and they happen to have real, knowable answers.

User's avatar

Continue reading this post for free, courtesy of Agy | Health Literate.

Or purchase a paid subscription.
© 2026 Agy · Publisher Terms
Substack · Privacy ∙ Terms ∙ Collection notice
Start your SubstackGet the app
Substack is the home for great culture